Who is known as Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome?

Tarquinius Superbus, also known as Tarquin the Proud, is recognized as a tyrant primarily due to his despotic rule over Rome and the actions he took to maintain power. His reign, which lasted from 535 to 509 BCE, was marked by a series of oppressive measures, including the execution of political opponents and the use of fear to keep the citizenry in check. His approach to governance was characterized by autocracy and a lack of regard for the traditional Roman values of respect and shared power. This led to widespread discontent among the people, ultimately culminating in a revolt that resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Roman Republic.

The historical consensus labels him as a tyrant because his inability to govern with the consent of the governed and his exercise of absolute power created an environment that was detrimental to the Roman state, contrasting sharply with leaders who may be characterized by wisdom, benevolence, or military prowess.