Which Supreme Court decision in 1896 upheld state-ordered segregation as long as facilities were equal?

The Supreme Court decision that upheld state-ordered segregation as long as facilities were equal is Plessy v. Ferguson. This landmark case established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which stated that racially segregated public facilities were constitutional as long as they were of equal quality. The ruling effectively provided a legal justification for racial segregation across the United States, perpetuating the system of Jim Crow laws until it was eventually overturned by later decisions, notably Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which ruled that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

In contrast, the other cases listed serve different legal and historical contexts. Brown v. Board of Education challenged and ultimately overturned the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson. Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, and Roe v. Wade addressed issues surrounding women's rights and abortion. Each of these cases plays a significant role in U.S. law but focuses on different facets of rights and legal standards, making them distinct from the segregation issues tackled in Plessy v. Ferguson.