What type of graph is characterized by vertical bars representing frequency distribution?

A histogram is specifically designed to represent the frequency distribution of numerical data. It uses vertical bars to depict the frequency of data points within specified intervals, known as bins. Each bar represents the count of observations that fall within a particular range, allowing for a visual interpretation of how data is distributed across different values. The height of each bar indicates the frequency, making it easy to identify patterns, trends, and outliers within the dataset.

In contrast, other types of graphs serve different purposes: a line graph typically illustrates trends over time by connecting individual data points, a pie chart displays proportions of a whole using slices to represent percentages of categories, and a scatter plot shows the relationship between two variables using dots on a coordinate plane. Each of these serves a unique function that does not focus on the frequency distribution as effectively as a histogram does.