What significant legislation provided free land to settlers in the West in 1862?

The Homestead Act, enacted in 1862, played a crucial role in American westward expansion by offering free land to settlers willing to cultivate it for a minimum of five years. This legislation was designed to encourage settlement in the western territories and to promote agricultural development. Under the act, individuals could claim up to 160 acres of public land, which they could eventually own outright after meeting the conditions.

This act not only facilitated the growth of communities in the West but also reflected the federal government's commitment to promote population migration and agricultural production in that area. It was critical in shaping the landscape of the United States and contributed significantly to the country's development during the 19th century.