What significant events occurred during the Mesozoic Era?

The Mesozoic Era, often referred to as the "Age of Reptiles," is characterized by the rise and extinction of dinosaurs, which dominated terrestrial ecosystems for over 160 million years. This era is divided into three periods: the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous, during which various species of dinosaurs evolved, adapted, and ultimately faced extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period.

In addition to the dinosaurs, the Mesozoic Era also witnessed the emergence of flowering plants (angiosperms), which began to diversify and develop complex ecosystems alongside the reptiles. This period marks significant evolutionary advancements in both flora and fauna, setting the stage for the subsequent dominance of mammals and birds in the Cenozoic Era.

In contrast, the formation of the first stars and galaxies pertains to astronomical events that occurred billions of years before the Mesozoic Era. The development of the first human civilizations is a much later event, occurring well into the Holocene Epoch, far after the Mesozoic Era had concluded. Finally, the formation of the Moon and early Earth dates back to the Hadean and Archean Eons, which are significantly earlier than the Mesozoic. Thus, option B