What does the term "fin de siécle" refer to?

The term "fin de siécle" specifically refers to the end of a century, particularly the period leading up to the year 1900. It is derived from French and translates directly to “end of the century.” This period was marked by a sense of cultural and societal change, as well as reflection on the past while anticipating the future. The "fin de siécle" era often evokes themes such as modernity, transition, and sometimes even a feeling of pessimism or crisis about the state of society as the century was closing. Recognizing that this term reflects a specific historical context is key, as it underscores significant shifts in art, literature, and philosophy that occurred during that time.

Other options either misinterpret the specific time frame associated with the term or refer to broader concepts that do not capture the precise meaning embedded in "fin de siécle."