What does a sextant primarily determine?

A sextant is an instrument primarily used in navigation to determine a ship's latitude and longitude by measuring the angle between a celestial object, such as the sun or stars, and the horizon. This angle, when calculated, allows navigators to pinpoint their position on the Earth's surface.

Using a sextant involves taking measurements at specific times, often during celestial events, and applying these measurements to nautical charts and equations to derive coordinates. While it does not directly measure speed, weather patterns, or distance traveled, it provides essential information for navigation, making it crucial for sailors and navigators in determining their exact location at sea.

The focus of a sextant is on celestial navigation, making it a vital tool for maritime navigation before the advent of modern GPS technology, reinforcing its primary purpose in accurately establishing geographical positioning.